全球快播：THP9提高玉米种子蛋白质含量和氮素利用效率

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中国科学院上海植物生理生态研究所Yongrui Wu和上海师范大学Wenqin Wang共同合作，近期取得重要工作进展。他们研究发现THP9能够提高玉米种子蛋白质含量和氮素利用效率。相关研究成果2022年11月16日在线发表于《自然》杂志上。

研究人员使用三重组合来创建teosinte（Zea mays subsp.parviglumis）的连续单倍型DNA序列，并通过基于图谱的克隆，在第9号染色体上鉴定出一个主要的高蛋白定量性状基因座TEOSINTE HIGH PROTEIN 9（THP9）。THP9编码一种天冬酰胺合成酶4，这种酶teosinte中高表达，但是在近交系B73中不表达，其中THP9-B73的第10个内含子的缺失导致THP9-B73转录物的错误剪接。在B73中转基因表达THP9-teosinte显著增加了种子蛋白质含量。THP9-teosinte渗入现代玉米自交系和杂交种，大大提高了游离氨基酸，尤其是天冬酰胺在整个植株中的积累，并在不影响产量的情况下增加了种子蛋白质含量。THP9-teosinte似乎提高了氮的利用效率，这对于在低氮条件下促进高产很重要。

据介绍，玉米（Zea mays subsp.mays）的野生祖先类玉米（teosinte），种子蛋白质含量是大多数现代近亲繁殖和杂交种的三倍，但导致这种特性的机制尚不清楚。

附：英文原文

Title: THP9 enhances seed protein content and nitrogen-use efficiency in maize

Author: Huang, Yongcai, Wang, Haihai, Zhu, Yidong, Huang, Xing, Li, Shuai, Wu, Xingguo, Zhao, Yao, Bao, Zhigui, Qin, Li, Jin, Yongbo, Cui, Yahui, Ma, Guangjin, Xiao, Qiao, Wang, Qiong, Wang, Jiechen, Yang, Xuerong, Liu, Hongjun, Lu, Xiaoduo, Larkins, Brian A., Wang, Wenqin, Wu, Yongrui

Issue&Volume: 2022-11-16

Abstract: Teosinte, the wild ancestor of maize (Zea mays subsp. mays), has three times the seed protein content of most modern inbreds and hybrids, but the mechanisms that are responsible for this trait are unknown1,2. Here we use trio binning to create a contiguous haplotype DNA sequence of a teosinte (Zea mays subsp. parviglumis) and, through map-based cloning, identify a major high-protein quantitative trait locus, TEOSINTE HIGH PROTEIN 9 (THP9), on chromosome 9. THP9 encodes an asparagine synthetase 4 enzyme that is highly expressed in teosinte, but not in the B73 inbred, in which a deletion in the tenth intron of THP9-B73 causes incorrect splicing of THP9-B73 transcripts. Transgenic expression of THP9-teosinte in B73 significantly increased the seed protein content. Introgression of THP9-teosinte into modern maize inbreds and hybrids greatly enhanced the accumulation of free amino acids, especially asparagine, throughout the plant, and increased seed protein content without affecting yield. THP9-teosinte seems to increase nitrogen-use efficiency, which is important for promoting a high yield under low-nitrogen conditions.

DOI: 10.1038/s41586-022-05441-2

Source: https://www.nature.com/articles/s41586-022-05441-2

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